

| Order: |
Cypriniformes |
| Family: |
Cyprinidae |
| Genus and species: |
Leucaspius delineatus |
Alwyne Wheeler (1969) in "The Fishes of the British Isles and North West Europe":
Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843)
NAMES Fr. Able; Du. Vetje; Ge. Moderlieschen; Sw. Groplöja.
IDENTIFICATION Slim bodied with large, thin, fragile scales; the dorsal fin is set well behind the pelvic fins. The lateral line extends on to the first ten scales at most. The lower jaw projects beyond the upper, the mouth is strongly oblique and the gape small. Average length 2½-3 in (6-8 cm).
The back is olive , the sides and belly a brilliant silver, with a silvery-blue band running along the side from head to tail. The fins are colourless.
D. III/8; A. III/10-13; scales along body 40-6; transverse scales 10-12.
BIOLOGY A small gregarious fish, it is found in the lakes, and still or slowly flowing waters of Europe. It spawns from April to May, strings of eggs being looped around the water plants, where they are guarded by the males. At spawning time the males have distinct white tubercles on the head and gill covers, and smaller white spots on the scales and fins. Figures for the rate of growth of females are available from a population near Moscow; here a length of 1¼ in (3 cm) is attained in the first year of life, 2 in (4.8 cm) in the second year, 2½ in (6.2 cm) in the third year and 2¾ in (7 cm) in the fourth. The males are somewhat smaller than the females.
The food of Leucaspius has been little studied, but is said to be varied, containing both animal matter and plants.
It has no direct economic importance, nor, on account of its size, is it of value to the angler other than for bait.
DISTRIBUTION

East to the Caspian Sea.
